"Soul Stealing: The Great Witchcraft Panic of 1768 in China"** is an outstanding historical work by American sinologist Philip A. Kuhn. Through a detailed description of the political and social crisis triggered by a panic over witchcraft in China during the prosperous Qianlong era of 1768, Kuhn reveals a historical period filled with contradictions and conflicts.
Historical Background#
During the Qianlong period, China was in a so-called "prosperous era," with a thriving economy and social stability. However, a witchcraft panic in 1768 shattered this apparent calm. An incident involving hair cutting in Deqing County, Zhejiang, sparked nationwide panic, with rumors spreading that evil monks were using hair cutting and other means to practice witchcraft. This event not only reflected the fragility of society at the time but also revealed the profound conflict between traditional beliefs and modern science.
Main Content#
In the book, Kuhn describes in detail the definition of witchcraft in Chinese society and its historical roots. Witchcraft was seen as a supernatural force that contradicted the moral order of human society. The hair cutting incident in Deqing County became the catalyst for this panic, as the public's fear of witchcraft rapidly spread, leading to rampant rumors and social disorder.
Emperor Qianlong exploited this witchcraft panic to strike against political enemies and reorganize the bureaucratic system. Local officials, under pressure from the central government, were forced to take action, further exacerbating social panic. Through an in-depth analysis of this event, Kuhn reveals the complex relationship between imperial power and the bureaucratic system, as well as how power can transcend bureaucratic norms through political crimes.
Cultural and Psychological Analysis#
The most captivating part of the book is the exploration of the conflict between traditional beliefs and modern science. Kuhn analyzes the psychological factors behind the witchcraft panic, revealing people's psychological responses and social impacts when faced with the unknown and fear. Traditional beliefs were deeply rooted in society at the time, while the rise of modern science posed a challenge to these beliefs. The witchcraft panic event was a concentrated manifestation of this conflict.
Conclusion#
"Soul Stealing: The Great Witchcraft Panic of 1768 in China"** is not only a historical work but also a profound analysis of culture and psychology. Kuhn presents a historical period filled with contradictions and conflicts through his unique perspective and delicate writing. By deeply analyzing this event, readers can not only understand the social conditions of the Qianlong period but also draw lessons for modern society, reflecting on the impact of rumors and panic on social stability.
This book provides readers with an important window into understanding Chinese history and culture through an in-depth analysis of the 1768 witchcraft panic event. Whether readers are interested in history or cultural and psychological analysis, they can gain rich knowledge and profound insights from it.